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5
Structural Lightning Safety

5.1 Background Issues
 
5.1.1
The Lightning Attachment Process and Risk Management of the Hazard
 
5.1.2
Atmospheric Charge Redistribution
 
5.1.3
Determining the Probability of Lightning Striking a Facility
 
5.1.4
Lightning Risk and Hazard Analysis Measurement
 
5.1.5
Zone or Fortress Protection Concept
 
5.1.6
Effects of Lightning on Assets, Facilities and Structures - By GAM Odam
 
5.1.7
21st Century Lightning Safety For Environments Containing Sensitive Electronics, Explosives, and Volatile Substances
 
5.1.8
Overview of Global Lightning Protection Codes and Standards
 

5.1.9

The Basis of Conventional Lightning Protection Technology - Report of the Federal Interagency Lightning Protection User Group (1.5-MB PDF file)
  5.1.10 Lightning Safety Decision Tree for Facilities
  5.1.11 Going Beyond the Codes: An Expanding List of On-the-Job Tips
  5.1.12 Lightning and Risk Management - By Bill Coffin
Added 10/13/09
5.2 Surge Protection Issues
 
5.2.1
Ode to the Missing Surge Protector
 
5.2.2
Overvoltages: Cause, Effect & Mitigation 
 
5.2.3
Guidelines for Providing Surge Protection at Commercial, Institutional and Industrial Facilities - By Matthew T. Glennon
 
5.2.4
Advanced Control of Transients - By Rajeev Thottappillil
 
5.2.5
NLSI Recommendations for Surge Protection Devices
 
5.2.6.
IEEE Guide for Residential Lightning Protection
 
5.2.7
Developing a Consumer-Oriented Guide on Surge Protection (404-KB PDF file)
 
5.2.8
Surge Protection in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits: An 8-part Anthology Foreword, Overview, and Hyperlinks - By Francoise Martzloff Added 2/2/09
5.3 Grounding and Bonding Issues
 
5.3.1
Recommended Grounding Guidelines 
 
5.3.2
Definition of Terms Used in Grounding
 
5.3.3
An Examination of Lightning-Strike-Grounding Physics - By C.B. Moore, G.D. Aulich and William Rison (268-KB PDF file)
 
5.3.4
Relative Advantages and Disadvantages of the Principal Types of Earth Electrodes
 
5.3.5
Case Study: Grounding Issues with Solutions
 
5.3.6
Bonding vs. Isolating Approaches in Lightning Protection Practice - By Vladimir A. Rakov (484-KB PDF file)
Added 2/2/09
 
5.3.7
Principles of Grounding of Lightning Protection Systems per NFPA-780 Added 8/17/09
 
Note:
Do you have a difficult grounding situation? NLSI achieves 10 ohms in virtually any soil situation. Contact us today!
5.4 Air Terminals
 
5.4.1
Fundamentals of Lightning Protection
 
5.4.2
Lightning Rods - Recent Investigations
 
5.4.3
Scientists Oppose Early Streamer Air Terminals - By Abdul M. Mousa
 
5.4.4
Charge Transfer System is Wishful Thinking, Not Science - A letter from a NLSI contributor
 
5.4.5
The Applicability Of Lightning Elimination Devices To Substations And Power Lines - By Abdul M. Mousa, Fellow, IEEE British Columbia Hydro (Word file)
 
5.4.6
ESE Air Terminals Ruling by US Federal District Court (76-KB PDF file)
 

5.4.7

There Is No Magic To Lightning Protection: Charge Transfer Systems Do Not Prevent Lightning Strikes - By William Rison (32-KB PDF file)
 
5.4.8
A Critical Review of Nonconventional Approaches to Lightning Protection - By M.A. Uman and V.A. Rakov (768-KB PDF file)
 
5.4.9
Conventional and Unconventional Lightning
Air Terminals: An Update
- By Z.A Hartono and I. Robiah (648-KB PDF file)
 
5.4.10
A Review of Studies on Early Streamer Emission and Charge Transfer System Conducted in Malaysia - By Z.A Hartono and I. Robiah (412-KB PDF file)
  5.4.11 Today's "Modern" Lightning Protection: Mr. Hocus Pocus, Meet Mr. Smoke & Mr. Mirrors (140-KB PDF file)
  5.4.12 Pararrayos no Convencionales - Paper presented at IEEE Conference on Power and Measurement Systems, October 2008, Uruguay (1.1-MB PDF file)
  5.4.13 Recall Unsafe Lighting Rods - Letter to the editor of The Sun (192-KB PDF file) Added 4/28/09
5.5 Site-Specific Issues
 
5.5.1
Lightning Hazard Reduction at Wind Farms
 
5.5.2
GIS-Based Study of Lightning Damages - By Lin Cao, Wei-Ning Xiang, and Joseph C. Wilson
 
5.5.3
Overview of Lightning Detector Equipment
Updated 8/8/09
 
5.5.4
Should Lightning Rods be Installed?
 
5.5.5
Small Shelters and Safety from Lightning
 
5.5.6
Lightning Protection for Telecommunications Facilities
 
5.5.7
Lightning Protection for High-Value Facilities: A Peruvian Mining Case Study
 
5.5.8
Lightning Safety in the Mining Industry
Updated 10/20/09
 
5.5.9
Case Study of Lightning Damage to Wind Turbine Blade (428-KB PDF)

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National Lightning Safety Institute
Providing expert training and consulting for lightning problems