5
Structural Lightning Safety |
| 5.1 |
Background Issues |
| |
5.1.1 |
The Lightning Attachment Process and Risk Management of the Hazard |
| |
5.1.2 |
Atmospheric Charge Redistribution |
| |
5.1.3 |
Determining the Probability
of Lightning Striking a Facility |
| |
5.1.4 |
Lightning
Risk and Hazard Analysis Measurement |
| |
5.1.5 |
Zone or Fortress
Protection Concept |
| |
5.1.6 |
Effects of Lightning
on Assets, Facilities and Structures - By GAM Odam |
| |
5.1.7 |
21st Century
Lightning Safety For Environments Containing Sensitive Electronics,
Explosives, and Volatile Substances |
| |
5.1.8 |
Overview of Global
Lightning Protection Codes and Standards |
| |
5.1.9 |
The Basis of
Conventional Lightning Protection Technology - Report of the Federal
Interagency Lightning Protection User Group (1.5-MB PDF file) |
| |
5.1.10 |
Lightning
Safety Decision Tree for Facilities |
| |
5.1.11 |
Going
Beyond the Codes: An Expanding List of On-the-Job Tips |
| |
5.1.12 |
Lightning and Risk Management - By Bill Coffin |
| |
5.1.13 |
2011 Version of NFPA 780: A Quick Overview of Changes from Earlier Versions |
| |
5.1.14 |
Lightning Safety: Basque Language Edition
(courtesy Jennifer Indurayne) |
| |
5.1.15 |
Lightning Discharge and Fundamentals of Lightning Protection - By Vladimir A. Rakov (925-KB PDF file)
|
| 5.2 |
Surge Protection Issues |
| |
5.2.1 |
Ode to the Missing Surge Protector |
| |
5.2.2 |
Overvoltages: Cause,
Effect & Mitigation |
| |
5.2.3 |
Guidelines for Providing
Surge Protection at Commercial, Institutional and Industrial Facilities
- By Matthew T. Glennon |
| |
5.2.4 |
Advanced
Control of Transients - By Rajeev Thottappillil |
| |
5.2.5 |
NLSI Recommendations
for Surge Protection Devices |
| |
5.2.6. |
IEEE Guide for Residential Lightning Protection |
| |
5.2.7 |
Developing a Consumer-Oriented Guide on Surge Protection (404-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.2.8 |
Surge Protection in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits:
An 8-part Anthology
Foreword, Overview, and Hyperlinks - By Francoise Martzloff |
| |
5.2.9 |
Data Communications and Lightning Protection
|
| |
5.2.10 |
Experimental Investigation and Numerical Modeling of Surge Currents in
Lightning Protection System of a Small Residential Structure - By Grzegorz Maslowski et al. (1.4-MB PDF file) |
| |
5.2.11 |
Surge Protection 101: A Briefing for the Layman
 Added 1/11/13 |
| 5.3 |
Grounding and Bonding Issues |
| |
Note: |
Do you have a difficult
grounding situation? NLSI achieves 10 ohms in virtually any soil
situation.
Contact us today! |
| |
5.3.1 |
Recommended Grounding
Guidelines |
| |
5.3.2 |
Definition
of Terms Used in Grounding |
| |
5.3.3 |
An Examination of Lightning-Strike-Grounding
Physics - By C.B. Moore, G.D. Aulich and William Rison (268-KB
PDF file) |
| |
5.3.4 |
Relative Advantages and Disadvantages of the Principal Types of Earth Electrodes |
| |
5.3.5 |
Case Study: Grounding Issues with Solutions |
| |
5.3.6 |
Bonding vs. Isolating Approaches in Lightning Protection Practice - By Vladimir A. Rakov (484-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.3.7 |
Principles of Grounding of Lightning Protection Systems per NFPA 780 |
| |
5.3.8 |
Clarification About 25 Ohms — The View from NFPA 70: National Electrical Code |
| 5.4 |
Air Terminals |
| |
Caution: |
Many vendors obscure this topic with pseudo-scientific
claims based upon vanity, falsehood, and deliberate
fraud. Recognized codes and standards should be consulted.
Avoid unconventional air terminal designs. |
| |
5.4.1 |
Fundamentals of Lightning
Protection |
| |
5.4.2 |
Lightning
Rods - Recent Investigations |
| |
5.4.3 |
Scientists
Oppose Early Streamer Air Terminals - By Abdul M. Mousa |
| |
5.4.4 |
Charge Transfer
System is Wishful Thinking, Not Science - A letter from a NLSI
contributor |
| |
5.4.5 |
The Applicability
Of Lightning Elimination Devices To Substations And Power Lines
- By Abdul M. Mousa, Fellow, IEEE British Columbia Hydro (Word file) |
| |
5.4.6 |
ESE Air Terminals
Ruling by US Federal District Court (76-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.4.7 |
There Is No Magic To Lightning
Protection: Charge Transfer Systems Do Not Prevent Lightning Strikes
- By William Rison (32-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.4.8 |
A Critical Review
of Nonconventional Approaches to Lightning Protection - By M.A.
Uman and V.A. Rakov (768-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.4.9 |
Conventional and Unconventional Lightning
Air Terminals: An Update - By Z.A Hartono and I. Robiah (648-KB PDF file) |
| |
|
A Review of Studies on Early Streamer Emission and Charge Transfer
System Conducted in Malaysia -
By Z.A Hartono and I. Robiah (412-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.4.11 |
Today's "Modern" Lightning Protection: Mr. Hocus Pocus, Meet Mr. Smoke & Mr. Mirrors (140-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.4.12 |
Pararrayos no Convencionales - Paper presented at IEEE Conference on Power and Measurement Systems, October 2008, Uruguay (1.1-MB PDF file) |
| |
5.4.13 |
Recall Unsafe Lighting Rods - Letter to the editor of The Sun (192-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.4.14 |
Misconceptions About Lightning and its Relation to Air Terminal Design Errors - By Z.A Hartono and I. Robiah (960-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.4.15 |
Failure of the Collection Volume Method and Attempts of the ESE
Lightning ROD Industry to Resurrect it - By Abdul M. Mousa (986-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.4.16 |
"Lightning Interception" by Cooray (509-KB PDF file) Added 1/11/13 |
| |
5.4.17 |
"Failure ESE" by Hartono (657-KB PDF file) Added 1/11/13 |
| 5.5 |
Site-Specific Issues |
| |
5.5.1 |
Lightning Hazard Reduction
at Wind Farms |
| |
5.5.2 |
GIS-Based Study of
Lightning Damages - By Lin Cao, Wei-Ning Xiang, and Joseph C.
Wilson |
| |
5.5.3 |
Overview of Lightning
Detector Equipment
|
| |
5.5.4 |
Should Lightning
Rods be Installed? |
| |
5.5.5 |
Small Shelters
and Safety from Lightning |
| |
5.5.6 |
Lightning
Protection for Telecommunications Facilities |
| |
5.5.7 |
Lightning
Protection for High-Value Facilities: A Peruvian Mining Case
Study |
| |
5.5.8 |
Lightning Safety in the Mining Industry |
| |
5.5.9 |
Case Study of Lightning Damage to Wind Turbine Blade (428-KB PDF) |
| |
5.5.10 |
21st Century Lightning Protection for High-Altitude Observatories |
| |
5.5.11 |
A Technical Basis for Guidance of Lightning Protection for Offshore Oil Installations - By Arturo Galvan (384-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.5.12 |
USPLN Cloud-to-Ground Stroke Counts (836-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.5.13 |
Uganda Country Report on Lightning - Presentation by R. Tusgemereirwe at International Symposium on Lightning Protection, October 2011, Kathmandu, Nepal (1.1-MB PDF file) |
| |
5.5.14 |
Lightning Protection Practices in Bangladesh - Presentation by Abidur Rahaman at International Symposium on Lightning Protection, October 2011, Kathmandu, Nepal (3.1-MB PDF file) |
| |
5.5.15 |
Lightning Protection in India - Presentation by Isha Parmar at International Symposium on Lightning Protection, October 2011, Kathmandu, Nepal (2.1-MB PDF file) |
| |
5.5.16 |
Lightning Protection in Kenya - Presentation by Akinyi Margareta Ocholla and Njoroge Gathuru at International Symposium on Lightning Protection, October 2011, Kathmandu, Nepal (276-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.5.17 |
Lightning Protection in Zambia - Presentation by Lubasi Foster Chilesh at International Symposium on Lightning Protection, October 2011, Kathmandu, Nepal (248-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.5.18 |
Lightning in the Peninsular Malaysia - Presentation by Mazly Mohamed at International Symposium on Lightning Protection, October 2011, Kathmandu, Nepal (248-KB PDF file) |
| |
5.5.19 |
EPA Report on Lightning Hazards to Refineries (231-KB PDF file) |
